Societal Needs:Diversity and Equity Essay -- essays papers

Societal NeedsDiversity and Equity The purpose of this penning is to examine diversity and equity issues regarding education. More specifically, this research paper will take an in-depth view of affirmative action and its policies. A non biased view was enacted to give the pros, cons, and hotly debated issues regarding affirmative action at the university level. Additionally, the paper will examine the validity and possible biases in alternatives to affirmative action that have recently been issued. evidently stated, affirmative action is an active commitment to enhance employment and educational opportunities for minorities and women. positive actions origins stem back to the 1960s when the government began to increasingly take steps in redressing decades of racial discrimination against blacks (affirmative action). Women and minorities, mostly Hispanic and Native Americans, subsequently were covered in this new remedy. Affirmat ive action forced private as well as public institutions of higher education to alter their traditional ways regarding the recruitment and admission of students (Lowe 13). Colleges and universities certain organized methods to help attract black students. Increased representation of black students on campus at a time became a commitment at all schools. Admission and pecuniary aid were altered to help eliminate existing barriers to access. As a result, numerous minorities who previously may not have been admitted to institutions of higher learning were now being accepted in increasing numbers (Fullinwider). This new commitment and responsibility ofinstitutions, however, was not welcomed by everyone. At what cost would universities go to wh... ... Universities Need to film A Stand and Defend Affirmative Action. Black Issues in Higher Education 17.4 (2000) p42 Lowe, Edward, Jr. (1999). Promise and Dilemma. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.McClafferty, K. Challenge s of the New Sociology of Urban Education. Albany conjure up University of New York Press, 2000. 3-15 Pg. 9 Miller, Geralda. Study Racial Prejudice is Reason For Affirmative Action Resistance Black Issues in Higher Education 17.2 (2000) p14. Plous, S. (2003). Ten Myths roughly Affirmative Action. In S. Plous (Ed.),Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination (pp.206-212). New York McGraw-Hill.Symonds, William C. College Admissions The Real Barrier Is Class. Business Week 3828 (2003) p66. Zwick, Rebecca. Eliminating Standardized Tests in College Admissions. Phi Delta Kappan (1999) 320-325.

1984 Essay --

Are you sitting comfortably? I find myself constantly drawn back to the subject of George Orwells 1984 it follows a dystopian biotic community, which is set in a world that has been in continuous war, and has no privacy by means of surveillance and has complete mind check over and is known by the name of Oceania. It keeps an eye on a man named Winston whose features are described as him having a smallish, frail figurehis hair actually fair, his face natural sanguine, and his skin roughened (Orwell 2). This book illustrates to readers what the world would be like if we were under complete control of the Government, as a result, this book poses a couple motifs for instance Part One tackles Collectivism which means the government controls you, while Part Two fights with Romance because Winston and Julias love, and Part Three struggles with misgiving and how it controls you physically and mentally.Likewise, George Orwells 1984 Part One Motif is Collectivism which means an economic or political system in which the government controls everything like land, business, and in Oceanias case even to extent of mind control. This theme proves itself as you first turn the page in part one when it states Big pal is Watching You (Orwell 2). Those five words that could be read under that poster seem to act as all he needs in this community to prove his control and authority. The motif played a main part here because it was all approximately someone not having their own control it was about them having everything accepted by Big Brother whether what they inscribe in their journal, what their thoughts were, or even what they were doing because Big Brother is watching at all times.Part cardinal of George Orwells 1984 motif is Romance because Winsto... ...f it no matter what even if it means betraying the people we care.In order to understand ourselves, we must first understand George Orwells 1984. This book expresses multiple motifs like Part one on Collectivism by the peo ple of Oceania putting their community in the hands of Big Brother, or Part Two was about Romance between Julia and Winston and about how the party wanted to alter love for complete devotion to Big Brother, and later in Part Three it was about fear and how it can control you. We must ultimately comprehend how this book could prove more of a timeline of events taking describe now if we dont put steps inline to stop the Government from complete control, really we are the proles Orwell was mentioning we are the hope and we must utilize it. kit and caboodle CitedOrwell, George. 1984 a novel. New York, N.Y. Published by Signet Classic, 1977. Print.

Words And Their Implied Meanings :: essays research papers

Words and Their Implied Meanings     Would you rather belong to the "Apple Dumpling Gang" or the "Crypts"?The intension of the word gang reaches "hit an all time low" in the 1990s.We envision todays gang members as drug lords who kill each other on streetcorners. Society rejects and imprisons them. Once members of a "gang" simplyshared special K interests and enjoyed social acceptance, much as members of a clubtoday. Many pairs of voice communication have experienced a similar disagreement inconnotation throughout the years.     The term "revolutionary" currently enjoys more social acceptance thanterrorist. The mind-set of a revolutionary thinks he/she must change ahorrific aspect of community by forcing a break-down in government. In the mindof a terrorist he/she must alter an aspect of society he deplores in society bybombings, hijackings, and assassinations. The United States history makes ussympa thetic to revolutionaries because the war mingled with America and the British.No books refer to it as the American Terrorism because terrorism connotesanarchy and a lack of social structure. The actual difference in systembetween the two free radicals may appear more gentle, however, they both kill.     Regarding the words "gang" and "club" only one denotes violence. Thedictionary defines gang as, "A group of persons working together a group ofpersons having informal and usual close social relations." The definition of aclub reads as follows, "An association of persons for some common object usuallyjointly supported and meeting periodically." Hidden beneath each definition,lies a more subjective, personal definition lodged in each of our minds. whymust society negatively characterize gangs and positively characterize clubs?We now associate the word "gang" with group of juvenile delinquents who createdisturbances with vi olence and misconduct. Commonly, society associates, theword "club" with a positive environment where young people can have positiverole models in their lives who support them. Unfortunately gangs turn backwith corruption and clubs equate with honor. Maybe we can solve the gangproblem by getting them to join clubs.     Yet another combination of words withal defined, yet with a verydifferent application in everyday life include "religion" and "cult." Everyreligion on Earth has at one time had the status of a cult, According toWebesters dictionary a cult has one major characteristic, "A system ofreligious belief and ritual." A religion too has a single distinct quality,"Commitment or devotion to a deity, faith or observance." Unfortunate, Intodays world, a cult leave behind send you to eternal damnation while religion willsave you from it. With deeper analysis, one might contrive that religion

The Dead :: essays research papers

The DeadWhen Gabriel Conroy delivers his wordy yet incredibly moving speech to the gaggle of Dubliners gathered together for the Holidays, he worries, possibly even fears, death. He dialogue of the upcoming, making it sound cold and inhospitable. He lays compliments on his aunts one after the other about their perennial youth (pg.166) and their kid ways. Gabriel addresses both the future and the present using a compare and contrast method, making one seem comforting and homey, the other dark and unknown. This comparison adds the aspect of death to Gabriels speech because of impermanence of his Aunt Julia and Aunt Kate the impermanence of good old Irish hospitality, solidth and love.The reader is also a sense of Gabriels dread(a) fear of death when he speaks of his Aunt Kate and Aunt Julia. He seems defiant of the fact that they are both old and wont be virtually to throw parties give care these much longer. Gabriel constantly harps on their energy and youthfulness. At first, he sounds simply like a polite young man ferociously complimenting his elder family members as many people do. But as his speech continues and he begins to discuss the attributes of each aunt and how they effect every(prenominal)one else in the room, Gabriel begins to sound more(prenominal) and more like he is trying to grab and hold on to something completely intangible. And I think that thing is youth. He is trying to preserve his aunts, and every wonderful thing that they represent, forever. He sees that once they perish, there will be no one to throw these parties anymore, no one to extend a warm welcome to anyone who enters their home. In the future, without Gabriels aunts, everything they know today will gone all because of death. Gabriel starts out his speech with talk of the ideas, both political and scientific, that are begin to sprout out of young peoples minds as they speak. He fears that these young, educated people will not look back on parties like they are holding at this moment and recognizes the qualities of humanity, of hospitality, of kindly humour (pg. 165) that run rampant through each and every room. He seems to realize the importance of these qualities and he fears that when his generation dies out, so will the mannerisms of the Old Irish ways, the comfort these ways bring him, and mostly, life as he knows it.

John Dalton :: essays research papers

John DaltonJohn Dalton was a great help to modern day chemistry. He was born in 1766 in the small town of Eaglesfield, Cumbria, NW England in the UK. He was a chemist that stated an atomic possibleness of matter, which is now the theory of modern day chemistry. too his theories, he published the first major book of the studies of color blindness which affected him. The book was published in 1794.He first stated his theory in 1803 that each chemical element is composed of its own kind of atoms, all with about the homogeneous weight. His theory explained why one substance with a curtain amount of mass joins with another substance with the same amount of mass, which forms compounds this doesnt alway take place. His law also concluded that two solids can not beguile the same space at the same time, although he concluded that a liquid, and a gas can occupy the same space at the same time. His law was the first useful atomic theory of matter.Another theory he had stated that total pre ssure let out by a mixture of gasses is the total of the pressures of all individual gasses in the mixture in other words, he concluded evaporated water exists in air as an freelancer gas.Dalton tried his expiriments many times to make sure that his theory was right. To be exact Dalton tried his expiriments about 200,000 timesDalton also developed a dead reckoning that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different.Daltons talent for recognizing patterns for his expirements data led him from his problem in meteorology. The view of atoms beingness fundimental constituents of matter made him tell apart the importance of the theoretical connection between atomic weights and weight relations. In a easier way of saying this Dalton was great at recognizing patterns in is work. His idea of atoms being fundimental parts of matter made him realize the importance of the theoretical connection between atomic weights and weight relations. Dalton was the first person to associate the old idea of atoms with stoichiometry.Daltons atomic theory is based on four ideas1. All matter is made up of tiny particles, (A theory said by Newton in the 1680s.

John Dalton :: essays research papers

John DaltonJohn Dalton was a great help to modern day chemistry. He was born in 1766 in the small town of Eaglesfield, Cumbria, NW England in the UK. He was a chemist that stated an atomic guess of matter, which is now the theory of modern day chemistry. anyways his theories, he published the first major book of the studies of color blindness which affected him. The book was published in 1794.He first stated his theory in 1803 that each chemical element is composed of its own kind of atoms, all with about the homogeneous weight. His theory explained why one substance with a curtain amount of mass joins with another substance with the same amount of mass, which forms compounds this doesnt alway take place. His law also concluded that two solids can not engross the same space at the same time, although he concluded that a liquid, and a gas can occupy the same space at the same time. His law was the first useful atomic theory of matter.Another theory he had stated that total pressu re let out by a mixture of gasses is the total of the pressures of all individual gasses in the mixture in other words, he concluded evaporated water exists in air as an case-by-case gas.Dalton tried his expiriments many times to make sure that his theory was right. To be exact Dalton tried his expiriments about 200,000 timesDalton also developed a possible action that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different.Daltons talent for recognizing patterns for his expirements data led him from his problem in meteorology. The cerebration of atoms beingness fundimental constituents of matter made him determine the importance of the theoretical connection between atomic weights and weight relations. In a easier way of saying this Dalton was great at recognizing patterns in is work. His idea of atoms being fundimental parts of matter made him realize the importance of the theoretical connection between atomic weights and weight relations. Dalton was the first person to associate the old idea of atoms with stoichiometry.Daltons atomic theory is based on four ideas1. All matter is made up of tiny particles, (A theory said by Newton in the 1680s.

The Disney Difference

Guyette Luster MGT 301 17 March, 2013 Module 2 Case Application Managing the Magic Assignment varlet 121 (1-4) 1. What is the Disney Difference and how go forth it pertain the companys corporate, competitory, and functional strategies? Answer The Disney Difference is Disneys marketing strategy that has basically kept the brand purposeless throughout the recession years. Disney has been able to market hygienic by staying with a large amount of products and services to add value to the brand.The Disney Difference will affect the corporate strategy (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011) since they atomic number 18 expanding into Hong Kong and have already organized an amount of funding they will need to finish the project. The Disney Difference will affect the competitive strategy (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011) by staying with the times. Disney was once viewed as just a child-loved place. With the future ventures that Disney has decided to invest in, the company should do very w ell in its division and stay very competitive in nature.The Disney Difference will affect the functional strategy (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011) by the amount of marketing and research they have invested in as well. Customer service will also be researched. Surveys and customer reviews could play a role in the functional strategy. 2. What challenges do you think Disney tycoon face in doing business in Russia? How could Iger and his top management team use planning to best prepare for those challenges? Answer Expanding into Russia is a very perplexing challenge.The brand has done very little with Russia but the management team has already used planning to delve right in. They have planned to get going with televised Disney programming (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011), a planning strategy that is very specific, but flexible. Television programming can be pulled if they do not do as well as planned so they really are not spliting out huge. Another way Disney can plan with their management team is to start planning phase 2 in Russia with a time frame of televising and marketing.Maybe put Disney products in local malls if not already doing so. Marketing and research are two very outstanding roles in a successful brand. 3. With the announced expansion of Disneys Hong Kong Disneyland, what goals might the company set? What type of planning will be necessary? Answer Time frame will be an important goal for this specific project. The money has been evaluated and the length of time has possibly already been calculated. All organization departments need to be putting together individual goals that should be approved by top management.Open communication is also very important for a project this size to be successful. Specific directional planning should be in use for this project. Every department must be apt(p) a specific goal and plan to develop in such a large investment. 4. How might Iger and his top management team use the strategical management proc ess to keep the magic coming in the current economic climate? Answer Planning and analysis are the first two ways to keep the magic coming (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011).After, the management needs to formulate a plan and adhere to their short-term/long-term goals (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011). Implementing those strategies and goals are the next measuring (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011). Evaluating the results and researching the customer reviews or the marketing strategies (Coulter, DeCenzo, & Robbins, 2011). This is to ensure that the company is making the profit necessary to stay on top. References Coulter, M. , DeCenzo, D. , & Robbins, S. (2011). Pearson Custom Business Resources. Boston, MA Pearson Learning Solutions.

Mapping an Argument

Mapping an Argument Kimberly Williams CRT/205 11/11/2012 University of Phoenix Mapping an Argument What is the Issue? I energise decided to read about the Traditional newspapers ar becoming extinct. The unblock with this is the cost of the newspapers going up and how the Internet is taking over the place of the newspaper. nation be now depending on the Internet for their sources instead of the newspapers. The competition-deflecting effects of printing cost got destroyed by the Internet. The newspaper people often note that newspapers pull ahead society as a whole, but it is getting so dear(predicate) to keep newspapers running.The imperatives to strengthen journalism and to strengthen newspapers conduct been so tightly bruise as to be indistinguishable. They are trying to prevail government agencys to strengthen the routes of newspapers. Save newspapers to save society is the big let out of this article. The other issue is to keep the newspapers from becoming extinct. Th e other article that I read about was the Veterans Administration health solicitude not being readily available in rural areas. The issues of this article were the increased efforts to improve the care that is available for rural veterans.Also anther issue for the veterans was the long distances it is a huge problem for most of them. Long distances and inhibitory rules have become an issue for the veterans and they have likewise become very obstacles to health care for many of them. Rural veterans have other problems with this also. The health care require of rural veterans and managing the m unitaryy for expanding care. In addition, oversight of rural health care programs was ineffective. There are so many issues with their heath care needs they are trying to fix them. What are the stated and unstated exposit?The stated and unstated premises for Traditional Newspapers Are Becoming Extinct are that the newspaper industry has been fighting for its life since the beginning of the digital age, and also journalism will survive without newspapers. Strategizing to survive the on Internet was also one of the stated premises for this article and the unstated premise for this was that they never really stated how they were going to fight and keep the newspapers going in a way that the papers can still be running and people can still use the Internet for sources also.The stated premises for the Veterans Administration Health bring off is that the VA has increased efforts to improve the care that is available for rural veterans. Long distances are a problem for many veterans is a stated premise that was in the article, and also veterans had to fight very hard to get every dollar that they could. Suicides among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans have reached record levels because of the heath care and the long distance that have caused problems for them. The unstated premises that werent listed that I could find was why most of the veterans did not feel that they had to enroll in a health care plan.What was the reason that they never cherished to enroll and what could the VA have done to help the veterans want to enroll in the heath care plan, what type of jobs did they do to help those that had problems with the long distance? These are some unstated premise that I feel should have been put into the article. What is the conclusion? The conclusion on the Traditional Newspapers Are Becoming Extinct is a plan and a strategy to survive the Internet, and trying to figure out how they can use the newspaper and the Internet without having to stop the use of one of them.They involve a plan how to deal with the Internet. A way for the newspaper to grow unsteady of shirking how to improve the newspaper in away the public would get it on its use and continue to want to read it unsteady of using the internet. And a way to keep it up and running because the newspaper is coming so expensive to keep it up and running also way to have respected for people when written about a person in the newspaper. The conclusion on the Veterans Administration Health Care is that the VA needs to find a way to make the veterans want to and enjoy the ability to have VA health care.Furthermore, the VA needs to find A way to make health care available for all of the veterans to have it, and afford the heath care. The VA needs to have rules for veterans heath care so the distance that the veterans live from the nearest facility shouldnt be a problem. Improving the health care for the veterans is the conclusion for this article. They need to find a way that health care can be provided for all of our veterans because they deserve it. To ensure veterans receive the health care and benefits they have earned.To make a way for the veterans to be shown by out-of-network doctor if the same care is available within the system even if its more convenient for them there should be away for them to see what every doctor is available for them at the present time. They n eed to improve the health care for the veterans. Content and Development 35 Points Points Earned33/35 Additional Comments in all key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. * 350 to 700 words * Examines 2 articles from Opposing Viewpoints in Context * Provides substantive explanations to the following questions * What is the issue? What are the stated and unstated premises? * What is the conclusion? Paper addresses two of the assigned articles in a contemplative manner. The paper identifies the issue, premises, and conclusion in an up to(predicate) way. Although most points are clear, a few are vague. See notes above. The content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive. Major points are stated clearly are supported by particular(prenominal) details, examples, or analysis and are organized logically. Readability and bolt 10 Points Points Earned6/10 Additional Comments The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. Tone is informative.The writing in this paper has several issues wordiness, fragments (incomplete sentences), and vagueness. Ive highlighted several examples above and suggested revisions. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Sentences are well constructed, strong, and varied. Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. Mechanics 5 Points Points Earned3/5 Additional Comments The assignmentincluding tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page is consistent with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements. Layout is effective and aids readability. some(prenominal) automatic corrections are noted. Citations and references have not been included. It is essential to cite and reference non-original sources correctly. Refer to the formatting guidelines in the Associate Level Writing Style Handbook. Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. Rules of grammar, usag e, and punctuation are followed. Spelling is correct. Late Penalty 10% per day up to 2 old age Total 50 Points Total Earned42/50 Overall CommentsHi Kimberly,Thank you so much for turning in this assignment.You have offered a competent mapping of the articles. You have generally identified the issues, premises, and conclusions and offered a substantive explanation for each. Your post is addresses all points in the assignment. Better organization of the writing would have strengthened the paper. Several mechanical and formatting changes are present. See comments above and in the text for specifics. Good work on this assignment I hope this assignment has helped you clarify concepts relating to analyzing arguments to target the issues, premises, and conclusions.

Bin-IT User Guide

IntroductionThe softw be on this CD provides a system to make profit slips and employee randomness leaflets for your employees at the Bin-IT workplace. This is a bespoke software which is tailor do for your use. There are on screen instructions for installing your software tho this user guide result provide more information with in-detail instructions, troubleshooting jockstrap and a glossary.InstructionsBasic instructions to run the software1. Specify which folders you unavoidableness to save the spreadsheet, wage slip and leaflet. Click the Run button which will automatically save the spreadsheet and both documents to your computer.2. Once you have rescue the files to your computer posit your spreadsheet. This will be the spreadsheet you use to calculate the wages of various employees in your Bin-IT company. The columns youll want to change regularly are from G to M where the actual hours. You send treatment also change the wages or job position if population are given p romotions or something similar.3. You will notice that when you inscribe a valuate out of the range in the hours worked (outside of the parameters 0 to 12) then an error center will appear telling you that you have entered an incorrect value. This is organization this stops you from reservation typing errors when entering in information.4. You female genitals change the check rules by selecting the values you wish to change by selecting the field you wish to change, going to info ecesis and then changing the parameters accordingly.5. Now the spreadsheet functions are sorted we outhouse move onto the escape link functions. Mail merge allows you to automatically take the data from the spreadsheet and use it to make a wage slip and/or employee information leaflet. This software comes with the files already linked to each other in that locationfore you dont need to in truth link the spreadsheet with the other documents.6. Open up the Pay Slip word document. Go to tools letters and mailing Mail Merge. This will open up the mail merge sorcerous.7. What will be shown to you is a mail merge wizard showing you which spreadsheet is selected to be merged with the word document.You can edit the recipient disceptation and change who you wish the Mail Merge to apply to.8. Click neighboring twice to skip to Step 5 of 6 and at that place you can lagger all your print outs for the pay slips.9. Click Next again and you are on Step 6 of 6, print. Click print and choose which ones you which to print, or fairish leave it on All and click OK. Before printing if there was anything you wanted to change on a one-time-basis with any of the employees wage slips then you can click edit individual letters and change a particular thing for a specific wage slip.10. When doing Mail Merge for the leaflets just do exactly the same thing but on Microsoft PublisherTroubleshooting* As stated in the instructions, you may receive an error message when trying to enter in data in some cells on the spreadsheet. This is because a validation rule has been set on the specific cell(s). Step 4 explains how to change the validation rules if they do not meet the criteria of some of your employees.* On Step 7, you may have a problem with the Microsoft Word document not being decent linked to the spreadsheet with your data in. In the event that this occurs, click Select a different list. From this use Explorer to find the spreadsheet file in the location you saved it, select it and then choose Sheet 1.GlossaryMail merge Mail merge is a software function describing the production of multiple (and potentially large numbers of) documents from a single template form and a structured data source. This helps to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for fold mailingsData validation In computer science, data validation is the accomplish of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data. It uses routines, oft en called validation rules or check routines, that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system.Validation Rule A Validation rule is a criterion used in the process of data validation, carried out after the data has been encoded onto an input medium and involves a data vet or validation program.Evaluation of User black marketI have tested my user guide by providing my system to others with no other instructions apart from the ones on the user guide. I asked whether there was anything missing or anything else that may help. One common criticism I got is that I didnt have any kind of contact information in slip of paper the User select did not provide enough information. I also got advice to specify a little more in the contents of what is actually on each page.I have taken on these criticisms and have created a re-evaluated User Guide, starting on the next pageBin-IT System User GuideContents(Page)1. Introduction What is this software ?2. Instructions Spreadsheet settings and functions3. Instructions (continued) Mail merge (Making the wage slip)4. Troubleshooting & Glossary of Technical Terms5. Contact Details Phone, Fax & e-mailIntroductionThe software on this CD provides a system to make wage slips and employee information leaflets for your employees at the Bin-IT workplace. This is a bespoke software which is tailor made for your use. There are on screen instructions for installing your software but this user guide will provide more information with in-detail instructions, troubleshooting help and a glossary.InstructionsBasic instructions to run the software1. Specify which folders you want to save the spreadsheet, wage slip and leaflet. Click the Run button which will automatically save the spreadsheet and both documents to your computer.2. Once you have saved the files to your computer locate your spreadsheet. This will be the spreadsheet you use to calculate the wages of various employees in your Bin-IT company. The columns youll want to change regularly are from G to M where the actual hours. You can also change the wages or job position if people are given promotions or something similar.3. You will notice that when you enter a value out of the range in the hours worked (outside of the parameters 0 to 12) then an error message will appear telling you that you have entered an incorrect value. This is validation this stops you from making typing errors when entering in data.4. You can change the validation rules by selecting the values you wish to change by selecting the field you wish to change, going to Data Validation and then changing the parameters accordingly.5. Now the spreadsheet functions are sorted we can move onto the mail merge functions. Mail merge allows you to automatically take the data from the spreadsheet and use it to make a wage slip and/or employee information leaflet. This software comes with the files already linked to each other therefore you dont need to actually link the spreadsheet with the other documents.6. Open up the Pay Slip word document. Go to tools letters and mailing Mail Merge. This will open up the mail merge wizard.7. What will be shown to you is a mail merge wizard showing you which spreadsheet is selected to be merged with the word document.You can edit the recipient list and change who you wish the Mail Merge to apply to.8. Click Next twice to skip to Step 5 of 6 and there you can preview all your print outs for the pay slips.9. Click Next again and you are on Step 6 of 6, print. Click print and choose which ones you which to print, or just leave it on All and click OK. Before printing if there was anything you wanted to change on a one-time-basis with any of the employees wage slips then you can click edit individual letters and change a specific thing for a specific wage slip.10. When doing Mail Merge for the leaflets just do exactly the same thing but on Microsoft PublisherTroubleshooting* As stated in the in structions, you may receive an error message when trying to enter in data in some cells on the spreadsheet. This is because a validation rule has been set on the specific cell(s). Step 4 explains how to change the validation rules if they do not meet the criteria of some of your employees.* On Step 7, you may have a problem with the Microsoft Word document not being properly linked to the spreadsheet with your data in. In the event that this occurs, click Select a different list. From this use Explorer to find the spreadsheet file in the location you saved it, select it and then choose Sheet 1.GlossaryMail merge Mail merge is a software function describing the production of multiple (and potentially large numbers of) documents from a single template form and a structured data source. This helps to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailingsData validation In computer science, data validation is the process of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data. It uses routines, often called validation rules or check routines, that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system.Validation Rule A Validation rule is a criterion used in the process of data validation, carried out after the data has been encoded onto an input medium and involves a data vet or validation program.

Dementia Awareness Essay

1.1 inform what is meant by the term DementiaThe word dementedness describes a set of symptoms that whitethorn include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem solving or langu get on with. These changes ar often small to start with but for someone with dementia they turn over become unvoiced enough to effect daily life. A person with dementia may also experience changes in their manner or behaviour.1.2 Describe the key functions of the understanding that are affected by dementia. The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are lay Lobe Responsible for vision, memory, language, hearing, learning. Frontal Lobe Responsible for decision making, Problem solving, controlling behaviour and emotions. Parietal Lobe Responsible for sensory information from the body, also where letters are formed, putt things in order and spatial awareness. Occipital Lobe Responsible for processing information related to vision. Cerebrum Lobe This is the biggest part of the brain, Its role is memory, attention, thought and our consciousness, senses and movement. Hippocampus Responsible for memory forming, organizing, storing and emotions.1.3 Explain why Depression, Delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for Dementia.Delirium, Dementia and Depression are disorderlinesss that are often at sea by care-givers as they are complex and patients house be afflicted with more than one of the conditions at the same time. Although often coincidence they are totally separate conditions.Delirium is an acute but reversible state of confusion occurring in up to 50 percent of older post-surgical patients. Dementia is an irreversible autumn of mental abilities which affects 5-10 percent of the population over age 65, with incidence doubling every 5 years after 65.Depression is a mood disorder which affects 16 percent of the population although it is often unrecognised.2.1 Outline the medical model of dementiaThe medical model focuses on the impairment as the problem and focuses on a cure, these may be dependency, restriction of choice, disempowering and devaluing individuals.2.2 Outline the social model of dementia.This is personal centred, focusing on the rights of the individual, in turn empowering the individual, promoting independence, giving choice and looking for at what the individual is able to do.2.3 Explain why dementia should be viewed as a dis force.Individuals who have dementia are not aware of requirements for living. They roll in the hay forget to do the essential things that are vital. Taking medicines, hygiene and even eating are often forgotten. They can get lost or lessened and not understand what is necessary to correct a situation. Individuals cannot act in the manner of a responsible adult which is why dementia should be viewed as a check.3.1 List the most common causes of dementia.The most common causes of dementia are Alzheimers sickness This is the most common cause of dementia. During t he course of the disease, the chemistry and structure of the brain changes, leading to the death of brain cells.Vascular Dementia If the oxygen supply to the brain fails, brain cells may die. The symptoms of vascular dementia can occur either suddenly, followinga stroke, or over time, through a series of small strokes.Dementia with Lewy Bodies This form of dementia gets its name from piffling spherical structures that develop inside nerve cells. Their presence in the brain leads to the degeneration of brain tissue.Frontotemporal Dementia In fronto-temporal dementia, damage is usually focus in the front part of the brain. Personality and behaviour are initially more affected than memory.3.2 Describe the probably signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia. Dementia is a collection of symptoms including memory loss, personality change, and impaired intellectual functions resulting from disease or trauma to the brain. These changes are not part of normal aging and a re severe enough to impact daily living, independence, and relationships. With dementia, there will likely be noticeable decline in communication, learning, remembering, and problem solving. These changes may occur quickly or very slowly over time. The progression and discovercome of dementia vary, but are largely determined by the type of dementia and which area of the brain is affected. Diagnosis is possible through advanced brain imaging, clinical examinations, and diagnostic testing.3.3 Outline the risk parts for the most common causes of dementia.The greatest known risk factor for Alzheimers is advancing age. Most individuals with the disease are age 65 or older. The likelihood of ontogenesis Alzheimers doubles about every tailfin years after age 65. After age 85, the risk reaches nearly 50 percent. One of the greatest mysteries of Alzheimers disease is why risk rises so dramatically as we grow older. An new(prenominal) strong risk factor is family history. Those who have a parent, brother, sister or children with Alzheimers are more likely to develop the disease. The risk increases if more than one family member has the illness. When diseases tend to run in families, either heredity (genetics) or environmental factors, or both, may campaign a role. In general, the risk factors for vascular dementia are the same as those for heart disease andstroke. Risk factors for vascular dementia include change magnitude age. History of heart attack, stroke or mini strokes. Atherosclerosis. High cholesterol. High blood pressure. Diabetes. Smoking and Atrial fibrillation. Although the cause of Lewy body dementia isnt clear, some(prenominal) factors appear to increase the risk of developing the disease. They include Being older than 60. Being male & having a family member with Lewy body dementia.Many degenerative neurologic diseases do not have a strong genetic component, but Frontotemporal Dementia is believed to be an exception, with a high familial component c ompared to other instances of dementia. Unlike in other forms of dementia, however, there are no nutritional deficiencies or other habits that increase the likelihood of developing Frontotemporal Dementia. Instead, risk factors for developing Frontotemporal Dementia include Mutations in the MAPT and/or GRN genes of chromosome 17, a family history of Frontotemporal Dementia.3.4 Identify prevalence rates for different types of dementia.The Prevalences of Alzheimers disease, vascular dementia, Parkinsons disease dementia, and other dementias Overall, 72% of the dementias were of Alzheimer type, 16% were vascular dementia, 6% were Parkinsons disease dementia, and 5% were other dementias.4.1 Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability. Dementia is not a disease but a set of symptoms which decreases the ability to think, memory and communication skills of human beings. It also declines the skills that needed to carry out daily activities. There are many causes of dementia. Few are Alzheimers disease Vascular disease Lewy body disease Front temporal disorders Parkinsons disease Depending on the form of dementia peoples ability and disability fluctuates. It is not necessarily to think that people with dementia are always forgetful. Like, people with Fronto-temporal dementia are very less forgetful than Alzheimer disease. Their memory remains intact but their personality and behaviour noticeably changes.Dementia with Lewy bodies interrupts the brains normalfunctioning and affect the persons memory, concentration and vocabulary skills. It has similar symptoms to Parkinsons disease such as tremors, slowness of movement and speech difficulties. People with vascular dementia may suffer from incontinence or seizure where other types of dementia may not affect those. However level of ability and disability depend on individuals age and condition of dementia. People wh o are living with dementia in earlier age such as 60s-70s are less untroubled than people living with dementia at the age or over 70s or 80s. People have different huskiness in different ages. So, their ability and disability fluctuated and level of support are varied as well 4.2 Outline the impact that the attitudes and behaviour of others may have on an individual with dementiaDementia can have a big impact on a persons behaviour. It can dissemble them feel anxious, lost, confused and frustrated. Although each person with dementia handles these feelings in their own way, certain behaviour is common in people with the disease. This includes repeating questions or carrying out an activity over and over again walking and pacing up and down Aggression, shouting and screaming becoming suspicious of other peopleIf you are experiencing these behaviours, or are looking after someone who behaves in this way, its important to remember that this is an attempt to communicate how theyre feel ing and that they are not being deliberately difficult. If you stay calm and work out why theyre expressing themselves in this way, you may be able to calm them down.

Courting and wedding rituals in America and Afghanistan

Both countries use symbolic traditions in their beliefs of courting and weddings.The fact that both Afghan women and North American wear a white dress at the wedding proves that the countries believe in a certain set of values. The burnish white overall is a sign of purity. For the signing of the documents and the after party of the wedding, Soraya wears a green dress, we were seated around table, Soraya and I dressed in green-the color of Islam, but also the color of spring and new beginnings(Hosseini 179). A green dress would show loyalty towards Afghanistan.North Americans believe it is bad luck to let the bride and groom see each some other the night and day before until the wedding. The groom and bride in Afghan traditions ar not to be left alone at all before the wedding, Soraya and I never went out alone together while preparations for the proceeded-since we werent married yet, hadnt even had a Shirini-khori, it was considered improper(Hosseini 178).Afghans and North Americ ans both have the marrying gallus in the center of attention, A procession of uncles, aunts, and cousins followed as we made our way through the hall, parting a sea of applauding guests, blinking at flashing camaras(Hosseini 179). almost of the time they are up on a show while saying their vows, I remember sitting on the sofa, set on the stage like a throne, Sorayas hand in mine, as three hundred or so faces looked on(Hosseini 180).The similarities between two different cultures are mostly found in the beliefs of the people and their traditional symbols.

Effective Malaria Treatment In Tanzania Health And Social Care Essay

1 IntroductionMalaria is a disease which is ca employ by mosquito bite on human organic structure. It threatens 1000s billion people wellness in full Torrid Z ones and semitropicss particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The influence of malaria on the wellness and economic systems is immense. In this part all over one million people die every twelvemonth because of malaria and most of them kids under the age of five. To contend this staggering job it have in new-made old ages been on the docket for both affected provinces and international giver bureaus. Access to an impressive and prompt intervention for immature kids and pregnant grownup young-bearing(prenominal)s is regarded as really of import.The devil programmes aim is to turn to jobs sing entree to effectual and prompt malaria intervention in rural Tanzania. The result of the work should ensue in proper steps to heighten the cognition of recognize symptoms, the demand of right intervention and increase the handiness of medi cal specialty and quality of supervising. The most penetrable groups which are kids under the age of five and pregnant adult females is focused in the plan.The acres in Tanzania that are included in the survey is the brainpowerinal territory of Kilombero and Ulanga in the south-east. The two territories is separated by the Kilombero River and forms the Kilombero Vally floodplain. The handiness to the Kilombero territory is by a largely unpaved route that are connected to the Tanzania-Zambia important road. To make the Ulanga territory with vehicles the solely connexion is a motorised ferry over Kolombero River.2 Undertaking factsThe population of the two territories in 2002 were 517000 and most people overreach their supports from farming. For most house binds the agriculture is done in distant Fieldss in the flood plains. A consequence of the distance to the Fieldss is that households are forced to travel to their agriculture sites during the cultivating period. They glide b y up to six months in the Fieldss and during this clip unrecorded under simple conditions and are more than open to mosquito. The cultivating period coincides with the high malaria transmittal season and as a consequence of this malaria spreads widely and repeatedly during this period.Based on these facts the Ifakara Health and Research and Development Center along with the Swiss Tropical Institute has examined and apply a batch of malaria control intercessions like insecticide-treated cyberspaces ( ITN ) .In add-on to that there are two chief attacks in the ACCESS intercessions.Through societal marketing attacks by increasing the petition for right malaria diagnosing and intervention through with(predicate)out the communityWith the aid of preparation, instruction, intensify supportive supervising and new nosologies make the provide of quality malaria case-management stronger.To advance these attacks three chief countries of intercessions has been undertaken.Area1 Behavior alt erationSensitization of community leadersSocial selling chiefly through route shows ill-tempered runs in Mother and Child Health ( MCH ) clinicsImproved entree for families passing the cultivation period off from placeArea2 Improved quality of assistance in wellness installationsArea3 Improved malaria instance trouble in drug merchandising stores3 Issues of SD sing this undertakingIn the ACCESS undertaking issues refering SD which are stated below squirt be found. These issues are besides described how they are included in the three countries of intercessions that are involved in the programme.Health vigilanceEducationHuman demands sexual urgeEquityEconomicCapacity construction3.1 Area 1Sing the different actions undertaken in the behaviour alteration attack SD issues like wellness attention, instruction, human demands, gender and equity.a ) Health attentionThrough these societal selling messages the people aware strongly the malaria symptoms and immediate intervention the right medical specialty and good protecting equipment like ITN and IPTp ( Intermittent Preventive preaching in gestation ) .B ) EducationDramatic shows at the roads having about malaria disease. To do people effectual attending dance competitions were conducted. Theater shows portraying right intervention through function dramas were performed. Effectss of malaria were taught through public talk. Besides cinema show on malaria intervention was run. Feedback Sessionss at the terminal for better interactions. During the feedback session promotion-materials were distributed to the audience. Posters and hoardings were put up in small towns and along roads.degree Celsius ) Human needsThe acknowledgment of the demand to heighten the cognition about malaria and the undertakings undertaken in this intercession country interrelate to human demands.vitamin D ) GenderPregnant adult females and female parents of kids under the age of five and kids under the age of five are the mark group for the un dertaking.vitamin E ) EquityThe undertaking stresses the importance of people?s handiness to entree wellness attention. During the cultivation period people stay in the Fieldss and the handiness to medicate is poorer.3.2 Area 2For the undertaking to better quality of attention in wellness installations aspects like instruction, economic and wellness are dealt with.a ) Health attentionIn this intercession enhanced quality of attention was focused chiefly. Correct diagnosing with the advocator from Integrated direction of childhood unwellness ( IMCI ) algorithm and enhanced laboratory diagnosing. Ordering the right drugs and exact dose of antimalarials, febrifuges. Proper and right advice on how to forebode malaria and better intervention.B ) EducationThe wellness installation staff were trained on malaria intervention through initial refresher preparation. Routine supportive supervising was strengthened. Introducing quality direction strategy at all wellness installations.degree Ce lsius ) EconomicThe preparation which was based on IMCI algorithm has proved that it is cost effectual since it was done by agencies of coaction amidst the staffs and council wellness direction squads in rural Tanzania. In add-on to that they have introduced rapid diagnostic trial ( RDT ) an impracticable thought to microscopy which was one time at a time more proved to be cost effectual.vitamin D ) Capacity edificeThere was a Joint venture between supportive supervising and quality direction in order to increase their capacity.3.3 Area 3This intercession which reference to better malaria instance direction in drug merchandising stores concern SD issues sing capacity edifice and instruction.a ) Capacity edificeThrough the debut of Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets ( ADDO ) in the two territories the trade channels and entree to medical specialties and pharmaceutical services enhanced.B ) EducationTo beef up the mind and behaviour of ADDO proprietors of and the forces the underta king have provided instruction.3.4 The ecological, economic and societal facetsIn a undertaking like ACCESS which focal point is to analyse and better intervention and attention for a disease the ecological portion have a minor impact in the work in this instance. Social and economic demands for people is more critical.The SD issues that are stated earlier all have to interrelate for a successful result of a undertaking like this. The demand for worlds in the country to acquire keep to proper medical specialty and intervention is obvious and this emphasis the human demand. The chosen attack to better the cognition amongst people to accredit symptoms and the demand for prompt intervention for illustration links instruction and wellness together. As the chief mark group is pregnant adult females, immature female parents and kids under five this can be regarded as a gender affair that is interrelated in all issues. Even if the people know how to parcel out malaria and they have acces sibility to anti-malarias they need to hold money to buy it. In the respect of regional, national and international interrelatedness of a undertaking like this it can be benchmark and applied in different topographic points and to other diseases4 Issues of SD excluded in the undertakingTorahsEven the governing has taken some enterprises to set about effectual malaria intervention it would be better if the authorities has introduce or do some regulations and ordinances.EnvironmentOne could sing the exposure to mosquito in the Fieldss as an environmental issue but no measurings within the undertaking is taken4.1 Suggestions/feedback related to this undertakingTorahsFor illustration the authorities can do a regulation like household card for the poorer 1s while the hapless 1s non able to entree the quality and effectual intervention. Family card meant for acquiring medical specialties at a cheaper rate aided by authoritiesEnvironmentWithin the undertakings framework some probe sing th e exposure and how to minimise it could hold been performed. Possibly some information on how to protect yourself against mosquito could hold been provided. Possibly some bio-friendly pesticide could be used during the mosquito genteelness period to cut down the degree of exposure during the cultivation period.5 ConsequencesThe sensitisation of community leaders were or else successful in the facet of engagement. On mean 90 % of the invited attended these meetings. The route shows were besides by and large good attended. The work forces were nevertheless 2,2 clock more likely to hold attended these shows although adult females and kids was the focal point group in the undertaking.The particular runs done in MCH clinics have up to the start out of 2007 resulted in that about 28 % of adult females in generative age has attended such session.In Ulanga have 89 % of the wellness installations received preparation Sessionss to better the cognition and in Kilombero that figure is 93 % .The handiness to proper medical specialties has in the two territories increased through the ADDO programme. The quality of advice in these recognize stores has besides shown to be better than in an ordinary drug store.6 DecisionTo reason, this undertaking which was done by Ifakara with the great support from Swiss Tropical Institute and ACCESS has widely used SD constructs in every intercessions. The premier focal point of the undertaking dealt with wellness attention of people refering to a developing state which is one of the major points discussed in every acme of developed and developing states related to SD. In footings of wellness attention, instruction, human demands, gender and equity there were actions taken in the intercession 1 and in footings of quality of attention in wellness installations sing instruction, economic and wellness there were actions in intercession 2.In intercession 3 the chief facet of SD was to develop i.e. educate the store keepers every bit good a s the poorer people. In such a mode the SD constructs has been widely used and researched by the ACCESS programme I. From the results and experiences of ACCESS I the ACCESS plan has started the 2nd stage in May 2008 and its premier focal point was enhanced handiness to effectual malaria intervention for pregnant adult females, kids under the age of five and immature female parents. The Phase II continuance is similar to var. I and it is about 3 old ages.

Reaction Paper of World Economic Forum Essay

Child labor refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labor. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations and is immoral in many countries. Child labor was employed to varying extents through most of history, alone entered public dispute with the advent of universal schooling, with changes in serveings conditions during the industrial revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers and childrens rights. This definition is from the Wikipedia. Why does this exist? To whom will be the blame be prone? Is it the p arnts, who raised their children to work, or the children themselves who decided to work to overcome hunger and thirst for survival? Is it the government that has to be responsible to this or this is all because of the inevitable poverty we are now experiencing today?For me, I redeem to blame all because in each problem of the society we encounter, it is not always that it is only a problem of one but kind a it is a problem of all. We tend to forget that the ones affected to this kind of problem are overly of our kind, Filipinos. We should always remember this statement, One for all, and all for one.I have mentioned above that are the parents to blame for this kind of problem. I speculate yes, a big yes for me. Why? It is simply because the parents are the first people that the child whitethorn know and they are the one who nurtures the child. Moreover, the parents are the one responsible if ever their children have nothing to eat and wear for e rattlingday living. The parents in the society are expected to provide all their children needs for the bore them not to be slaves in the family. The parents are expected to give the right to education for their children to earn acquaintance and not disseminate them to factories that would bring them sickness just to earn money.But now, all the expected things turned out wrong. Some parents even do not mind if their children are already at the streets asking alms, some are into drugs, and some engage to crimes such as robbery and prostitution. If I were the parent, I had quite just send them to DSWD and see them eating and playing than watching them earn a living at the young age. I do not say that putting the child to DSWD is another irresponsible act the parent had made but it will be the best alternative answer to the problem.Are the children also to blame? I evict say that the children have also something to deal with this. Even if the child is only four years old and has no hotshot of maturity yet, the child has something to play with this. Sometimes, it is the childrens decision to work for their families. They are working not because they want to eat, but rather gave the money to their parents, hoping that this money results to something that is undecomposed for their stomachs. In some cases, the children also are the ones that decide to leave the family because they see that the family cannot give the hap piness they are asking for. So, the children have no choice but to leave independently and find their own living. The worst is that the children may engage into crimes such as killing, stealing, and prostitution. This is really happening in the society today.I can share an experience of one of our maids of our family. I admit that we hired her at her minority age. She was only 15 when she entered our home. After months of working in our house, we had already given her our trust. One day, we invited her to come into our lolas house for the fiesta. She agreed to come rather than staying at home alone, and we wanted her to come because maybe she will be stealing anything from the house without our knowledge. We cannot give all our trust to a certain person right? Anyways, we had the time to go to the beach. The tide was so low that the sea was very far from the shore. Our maid never k bare-assed that the water was shallow.The dived and end up with bleeding wounds in her face. We immed iately went home to cure her wounds. When we went home to back in Tacloban, she was not feeling easy. I think that the scars in her face made her actions limited and a little bit more conservative. After 3 days by and by the said incident, she left our house without any permission. We immediately reported this to her parents. Time passed but quiet no news was heard. We have now a new maid but of legal age. Years passed, and suddenly our roads had crossed each other. I have seen her near the seawall in the city but the thing that stunned me most is that she was already carry with her a child. This story is just one example of what can happen to children in our society.Is the government touch off of the problem? Ill answer this question with a yes again. The government is expected to implement laws for this and invent sure that these laws are nationwide followed. The government should play as the provider of the needs that the households cannot provide. It is sometimes reasonable that the government cannot provide them all but at least they will show that they are concerned to this problem. I can see that some policemen maltreat these children. Better if we just leave them alone and just catch them if they are now doing beyond the limitations. Im disappointed to those government officials who did not do an effective action to eradicate this problem in our society. I am not an anti-government individual but I guess this is reality.Man is a power-seeker according to Thomas Hobbes so man really has the tendency to retain his power when he is in power and the moment is that the poor will always be poor. Lastly, the poverty we are facing is the best reason why the children are into this action. Poverty is the reason why the parents cannot send their children to school, where the children are expected to learn and to socialize with our children. Poverty is also the main reason why the parents cannot provide the quality of happiness each child is hunger for. The conception of poverty because of overpopulation is quite wrong. It some points it is true that this overpopulation can affect the way of living in a family but what now for China that tally a big fraction to the worlds population.China is a big country in both economy and population. If China can make a difference why cannot we? As a conclusion, I am really against to this kind of problem in the society and besides who are beaming watching children working not for themselves but to others. I am really thankful to my parents that I was raised efficiently, providing me anything that could bring to a better outcome. Time will come that I will be a parent. I am hoping that somehow there will be changes in our society that is concerned to this problem. It is still not the end for this. The solution is just there. All are aiming that this can be totally eradicated in the future.

How the Police Access Data to Obtain Criminal Information Essay

Advancement in engine room has completely changed the itinerary in which equity enforcement agents obtain cultivation, organize and make use of that information ( rear, 2005). Foster (2005) states that technology has enhanced the use of information both in strategic and tactical sense. Scientific twist investigation is one of the earliest methods of obtaining information concerning crime and distressings. Fingerprint classification is a very upright example of scientific criminal investigation. Information technology has greatly enhanced the use of fingerprints in criminal investigation (Foster, 2005).Interviewing is the other method used by law enforcement agents to obtain information. Uncle Bob was asked a hardly a(prenominal) questions by the law enforcement officer in order to collect information concerning his name, address and driving endorse number. All information concerning criminal activities of an individual, collected by law enforcement and which law enforcement officers have get at to, is taken as privileged information (Foster, 2005). This implies that this information is for official use only. Law enforcement agencies have general access to a wide range of information of the common man that is confidential and protected by law.The information retained by law enforcement agencies runs the spectrum from crime reports to personnel records (Pattavina, 2005). Police officers gather a great the great unwashed of information, which they preserve for a long time. Majority of the law enforcement agencies in the United States have computerized files and criminal records. This implies that approximately of the law enforcement officers in the country have access to computerized criminal histories (Pattavina, 2005). Criminal justice information governing bodys tick all information collected in and used in the criminal justice arrangement.This information let in state drivers license records, privately gathered information and personal data in addition to philander transcripts of testimony. Police records on the other hand deal with information gathered, preserved as well as organized by the patrol (Foster, 2005). A fully integrated law enforcement record heed system has the capacity to access to all other records preserved by different criminal justice organizations. The Florida police department was able to obtain information concerning the weight, height, and criminal history of uncle Bob because its record management system is fully integrated.A fully integrated record management system is made up of confused smaller systems whose main role is to exchange information with a master server (Foster, 2005). Law enforcement management system, as stated by Pattavina (2005), is a comprehensive system that allows for the capture in addition to transmission system of information from a wide range of sources and also allows for different types of information queries in addition to bridging law enforcement agencies to outsi de sources of information (Foster, 2005).Law enforcement agencies make use of the internet to exchange information on matters of matter security (Pattavina, 2005). Miami Police Department obtained criminal and personal information of uncle Bob through the internet. Communication amongst the police officer in the field and his agency was enhanced by the fact that law enforcement officers burn down access a wide range of reference manuals as well as policy in searchable online databases (Foster, 2005). The internet is one of the major technology developments that supplements law enforcement colloquy schemes.Uncle Bob is likely to be aerated with over speeding. It can therefore be concluded that advancement in technology has completely changed the way in which law enforcement agents obtain information, organize and make use of information. Interviewing is one of the major approaches employed by law enforcement agents to gather information. Communication between law enforcement offi cers in the field with their agencies as well as between different criminal justice organizations is enhanced by integration of Internet in communication system.

Analyzing the effectiveness and drawbacks of current Land

Most of the overriding laws or bills regarding sphere eruditeness, resettlement, earnings, ululation seem in able and sources of lot of discordance. This research proposal seeks to analyze the tinct of such acts and the reasons of protest and upthrusts by the affected people. It in like manner aims to find out alternative solutions for such small issues. In this research study the s regaining subscribe toers ar identified along with their stakes and various literature ar analyzed to suggest a methodology for further research and to propose a common establish for amicable discussion and understanding of individual interests.Keywords Land scholarship, rehabilitation, resettlement, swallow, hire, voluntary science, majestic domain, re organisement value, democracy-supported purpose, primer coat valuation, trade pricing 4 summon Problem Description The 2011 Land encyclopaedism and Rehabilitation and relocation add-in , though puff up- intenti 1d, was seriously flawed. It attached an arbitrary mark-up to the historical foodstuff price to de preconditionine salary amounts.This contri plainlye guarantee neither social justice nor the efficient use of visions. The Bill equally place d unnecessary & strict conditions on domain acquisition, akin restrictions on the use of multi-cropped add and closet on familiar purpose, all of which would hinder the pace of development thou promoting the interests of farmers. Many such flaws be tried to be addressed in ?The right to passably fee and transpargonncy in trim down acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement act, 20131.While the affect of industrialization is facing many another(prenominal) problems that en De to be solved, the problem of stained estate for industry and urban development is the close to(prenominal) critical one. The fact is that people depend on convey not only as title h centenarianers besides also as comeless laborers and share croppers, for lifelike re sources and cultural inputs, for preservation of artisans and age old technologies, for community and family congregation. Often drop off is taken remote without adequate compensation or without adequate opportunities for affected people to grow and resettle with dignity.This is inhuman and leads to all material body of contentious issues that cause surfaced within the people move into cities, a trend that cannot be stopped, in that location has to be proper town planning and proper growth of our urban centre?a process that will increase the importance of drop off. 5 Page Problem Structuring Definitional Issues The experts felt that the bill does not clearly narrow down what constitutes rural and urban areas. This omission is bound to lead to litigation. It is essential to plug this loophole. The law still does not define or elaborate ?public purposes and again gives the State a free hand on this.Without be the term ?urgency it call fors special provisions for compensati on if land is get wordd under the ?urgency provision. also terms like ?eminent domain (vests sovereign ownership of all land and natural resources embodied in the state, felicitating compulsory takings), ? backup man value, ?willing/unwilling seller are ambiguous. Consent Consent to sell?both in government and private and public-partnership plans APP)?is among the most contentious issues in land acquisition. What percentage of landowners consent is required?Should it be required from all land users (e. G. Those restricted on land like verdant workers, wage laborers, artisans and landless peasants) or only from the land losers? Compensation The current scheme of compensation that the bill has laid down is two times the market price for urban areas and four times the market price for rural areas. These figures were arrived at without any rationale, from a ?top down approach. Affected people stupefy no say on any fit of the transaction?whether they want to give up he land or wha t would be a f disseminate price.Institutional Support To understand the position of stakeholders and their makes in order to device a fair solutions, a three-tier institutional structure was mooted one for suggesting proposals, one for dialogue and another for decision-making. First one would include think-tanks or academic research organizations which use data, analyses it and make recommendations. Second one would bring 6 Page stakeholders unitedly to deliberate on their respective positions. Finally, the last institution would be given the authority, constitutionally or organizationally, to take final decisions.Transparency would facilitate better evaluation, selection and determination of the market price for land as strong as sharing of incremental gain from land development with affected people. Process efficiency implies limpidity in commandment which would result in less litigation and realistic deadlines for all parties involved. On viability, there is a need to reach a common ground between the acquirers right to profit and compensation rights. The experts held that companies acquiring land for public- private partnerships should be given limited control rights. Stakeholder map Farmers / Residents Politicians MediaShare croppers Fisherman/ boatman Agricultural laborers Land acquisition for industrial/ developmental/ digging projects Tribal Environmental activists industrialists Local tribe Citizens Government 71 page Specific stakeholder and Stake identification Stakeholders Farmers, Residents Stakes Lose the most, as they gives a instruction their land, and dont get future benefits farmers lose their basic earning activity With not enough land on their own, they need others land for cultivation Termed as unskilled labor, their livelihood is at stake with decreased agricultural land, to a greater extent so as they are mainly landless laborsTheir whole livelihood and culture exist almost the region they live, as they are mostly dependent on t he natural resources more ever they commonly do not have title to land, thus losing out all the benefits Without land, they cant relieve oneself new plant, also without mining they have to depend upon foreign industrialists Responsible for both growth & development with restrained rising prices and preservation of environmental balance, ecology & citizens rights Face maximum brunt of degraded environment, inflation, land scarcity Local state/ Directly impacted by industrial drop and effluence, restricted movement wrought land, absence of eat ground/water body, increased land price Environment Worried with increased industrial waste & pollution and adverse effect on activist nature & biodiversity due to set land acquisition for mining/industry Main source of information dissipation since internal and local information is seldom spread by industry or Gobo. Cross the county A major influence in creating public opinion on this issue, plus their vote banks can be determined by ho w they handle such cases 8 Page Displaced people BOOT graph Pollution Amount Land price Industrial growth Biodiversity Job for agricultural labor Time Literature review Maturities Ghats and Apparatchiks Gosh, in an article (October, 2011) have analyzed the land laws and current patchs and in their opinion the use of market price for voluntary proceeding as a proxy for owners value in forced acquisitions is rated by experts but sort of a subjective quantity it is whatever the owner deems it to be. They proposed an alternative approach allowing farmers to determine their land price, chose compensation in either cash or land and reallocate the retaining land in most efficient manner. It involves a land auction covering not only the project site but also the surrounding agricultural land.The advantages they put forward is that it is less coercive, it gives strong incentive to bid truthfully, it allows farmers to corporate their own estimates of future land price inflation into th eir bids, thereby minimizing the chance of losing out compared to the neighborhood farmers. It also provides an option to leave the land remain as agricultural one incase acquisition bm fails. 9 Page Vanish Kumar in his June, 2011 article in PEP, has highlighted the violence in land acquisition by the government and UP government indemnity on this matter. According to him all episodes of agitation and demands are politicized and farmers find homeless entrapped in a situation where leaders encourage and support their agitations but do very little to tackle the problems. He considered States role as a ?venture capitalist.He cited the UP insurance policy as best among existing in the country. It introduced a process of negotiations in Greater Oneida with the local farmers booster cable to signing of a deed. The new policy makes land acquisition more profitable for the farmer defining the State as a mere facilitator. He provided scope for improvement, especially as small farmers an d agricultural laborers have very little to gain in this hole procedure, but mentioned the fact that political parties have no intention to make consensus effort on this issue. Ashcan Inhaling and Edit Was (August, 2011)) mentioned the fact that often land-titles are unclear and identifying parties eligible for compensation is rendered difficult.All across the world, the state is gifted with the power to acquire land for public purpose by providing compensation to the landholders. This power directly vested in the constitution (in US, Australia and China) or, is specified in enacted legislation (in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore). However the terms like _ public repose are ambiguous. Countries like France, Japan, China, Mexico and India explicitly enumerate situations and projects under which land can be acquired or appropriated by the state for public use, whereas Malaysia, Brazil, US, UK and Singapore provide a more generic definition. Also the valuation and acquisition methods differ across the nations. In valuation, net income from land, original use, market value all such aspects are taken into consideration.Countries like Philippines where legal systems are not robust, land market is not well developed, or active reliable information in unavailable, 101 page ?replacement value (amount it would cost to replace the asset with a similar asset) technique. It is not easy to know a set of inter internal best practices with respect frameworks and philosophies laid down in the statutes should be inured as guidelines, incorporating flexibility into the land acquisition processes. Also they mentioned roughly the delaying in payment of the solarium to affected parties, which leads to dissatisfaction and consequent protests. They proposed negotiation in valuation, compensation, partnering, pool together (land pooling though farmers) many such methods.They cited the Pun typesetters case where 123 farmers pooled gather 400 acres of farmland along with a private limited company to build Magistrate city. Here the farmers continue to own the land, own shares in the company and collect dividends on these shares as well as rents from the tenants in the city (Magma, 2008). In an Editorial ? , Economic & Political Weekly (PEP, August, 2011), the editor cited farmer agitation and state atrocities regarding land acquisition in Maharajahs. Farmers here had given land for Pun-Iambi express highway and similar projects in past, but they have grown steadily distrustful of the governments intentions due to unfulfilled promises.The state governments mishandling of the maritime farmers agitation and the subsequent police firing causing death of three farmers was exceptionally inept. In Naval, they tending that they will no longer get water from the Pain dam which irrigates their land. Greater the fear about water meant for agriculture being diverted to industry or urban areas is also root-cause of their protests against the Sophia power project in Mart ial, which requires large amount of water from the Upper Ward dam. Going by the past memorialise of most governments, people have a reason to be distrustful. Voluntarily surrender land for rejects provide no tangible benefits to them. A credible alternative to protect their livelihood and a proper compensation plan must be at place. 1 Page Augusta Marti (December, 2010) attempted to solve a key economic problem regarding land acquisition deals using some mathematical models incorporating the logic of an ? rente or a ?royalty. It has to do with the claim of the landowner over the future value of land erstwhile it is sold and put to alternative use. It also addressed to the adaptation of the so-called Harlan model that relies on determine annual payments to the farmers. His argument is that the government will tax a portion of the increased value from the emptor and redistribute it to the landowner acting as a legal taxing authority and not as a negotiator. In this case though the seller will forfeit his property right to the buyer, but will have a rightful claim on the capital gain tax.He also proposed to make this _claim paper as traceable in market. He suggested for using a part of the taxation infrastructure at the central level for evaluating capital-gains on land and creating accounts exclusively for this purpose taking the buyer, the seller, the government and the option bargainer into confederacy to ensure that funds raised do not go towards other kinds of fiscal replenishments. Also one can track the transactions between the seller and the option trader. This option as a traceable instrument can satisfy the poor farmers without binding the buyers of land. Stowage Karakas (October, 2011) has seen the market exchange process acting as the main domain of mediating social relationships.He deciphered three interrelated problems with this political/policy position absence of market for a particular land, non-availability of quantitative standard or refer ence to measure against Just and fair imposition, consent is not always a natural will as it has political significance beyond liberalism. According to him state must stay away from creating political condition to befool individual consent, rather it should accept the limitations of law and policy in resolving certain contentious issues, and remain open to contingency, by conferring priority to the democratic values of disagreement, dissent and 121 page plurality of modes of existence, only hence it will learn to withdraw from prior commitment to any particular rationality and ideology. Ram Sings (May, 2012) has center on laws that govern the acquisition and transfer f agricultural land for other purposes.He cited the history of eminent domain in India as unmitigated abuses of the law, which cadaver archaic and ambiguous. Also the callous approach taken by land acquisition collectors (LAG) to determine compensation is a point of discordant. In current situation lot of institutio nal hurdles like change-in-land-use (CLUB) clearance from the state government, other regulatory clearances from local governance are there that thwart voluntary transactions. He argued that this is the reason the project developers are better-off bribing the powers that get them to acquire the needed land. He also mentioned poor land records and high transaction cost of individual land transfer.He suggested collective bargaining with the owners or their representatives, cost of compensation be paid by the entity benefiting from the acquisition, initial compensation itself should be determined in light of all of the relevant information, such as type of land, its future value, records of the sale deeds etc. He also argued for the reduction of compulsory acquisition. Colic Gonzales (August, 2010) has indicated the states prerogative in becoming an estate agent of the companies for acquiring land for them. He analyzed land acts and the outcomes in chronological phases. According to h im the Judiciary appears to have misread the mood in the country, providing _ public interest the widest possible scope. Instead of mass protest, superior Judiciary remained unmoved, stuck to their notions of development unresponsive to the distress of farmers, tenants and agricultural laborers.According to him, the way forward for Judiciary is to hold that irrespective of the contribution by government, all acquisitions for companies must follow Part VII of the Land Acquisition mo (ALA), which is 131 page acquisition for a company. This is understandable since State governments have come under good corporate control that their first priority is to spend large sums of state funds to assist corporations in the acquisition of lands using the Act. Cantata Lair-Duty, Radii Krishna, Ensnare Mad (February, 2012) in an article in owned companies for resource extraction in Shorthand and sighted that cosmetic changes in mineral governance laws are little to protect the interests of the po or.Granting of mining blocks to private companies for ?captive coal mining has thoroughly neglected the rights of the tribal. The state equates coal with national placement, energy security and hence strategic sovereignty to avoid the moral quandary. By virtue of combust Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act (CUBA), coal mining generally supersedes the community rights. Thus states change to ?broker states from the old developmental state. Coercion by both company representatives and state agencies is a characteristic of land acquisition in Shorthand. Apart from changes in land-use pattern and the creation of wastelands, mining causes large number of physical and occupational displacement, a fact that state seldom document correctly or address.Environment impact assessment (EIA) remains a toothless safeguard, not documenting possible impacts on local water availability nor assessing the ground-level impact of air pollution on surrounding communities and vegetation. The pr ocedure never takes into account the tribal history, identity and livelihood entwined with the land. It has pushed many tribes into the verge of extinction. According to the authors, only a convoluted logic can equate coal mining by private companies with public purpose or national interest. They asked for a new mineral extractive paradigm, one that does not inflict deep mounds on nature and people. They also asked for the consultation with gram Kasbah and consent of tribal communities for any mining project, 141 Page with the view of optimizing the level of royalties and consequent benefits to impacted communities.OSHA Rampant (November, 2011) has sight that by beginning with the premise that acquisition is inevitable and priority for industrialization, arbitration and infrastructure development, the LARK Bill 2011 has neglected the interest of the land losers. She raised question about states legitimacy in facilitating the land rangers the way it does. She questions states relati onship with the land, whether it is a landlord, an owner, a trustee, a holder of land, a manager or what? She argued for the _affected families who are dependent on forests or water bodies and which includes gatherers of forest produce, hunters, fisheries and boatmen and (those whose) livelihood is affected due to acquisition of land. Infant families who got land under any government scheme are also included.She also cited the effect of diluting The Forest Rights Act 2006 which helps in land acquisition through change of public repose -where acquisition is based on one purpose but it is used for another purpose. Another bill, _ The Land Titling Bill 2011 shifts the onus of safekeeping the records updated, even loss of acknowledgement of title to the land or interest in the land from the state to the individual. According to the author this bill is an attempt at communications of land, making it traceable in the land market. Michael Levine (March, 2011) has highlighted the controvers ies over Sees and large private mining projects in eastern India. According to him, the proposed amendments to the Land

Case Study of Karen

Case get wind KAREN This assignment is near Karen Lee who comes for personal counseling. As a therapist I use dickens theories (psychoanalytical Therapy and Cognitive style Therapy) separately to help her in solving her problem. Psychoanalytic therapy, basic assumption of adult male nature Psychoanalytic give-and-take is high gearly individualized and seeks to show how the unconscious mind factors affect appearance patterns, coitusships, and all overall noetic health.Treatment traces the unconscious factors to their origins, shows how they have evolved and bursted over the course of many years, and subsequently helps individuals to overcome the challenges they eccentric in life (National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis, 1998). As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the creation that individuals are un mindful of the many factors that cause their manner and emotions.These unconscious factors have the potential to produce unhappiness, which in turn is e xpressed through and through a score of distinguish fitted symptoms, including disturbing personality traits, difficulty in relating to others, or disturbances in self-esteem or widely distributed disposition (American Psychoanalytic Association, 1998). In An Outline of Psychoanalysis, Freud (1949) explains the oral sex tenets on which psychoanalytic theory is based 1. human behavior and thinking are largely pertinacious by irrational drives 2. those drives are largely non conscious 3. ttempt to trifle those drives into awareness meets defense (resistance) in many different forms 4. beside the inherited constitution of personality, iodines development is determined by events in early puerility 5. conflicts between conscious view of reality and unconscious (repressed) material can result in mental disturbances such(prenominal) as neurosis, neurotic traits, anxiety, depression etc. 6. the liberation from the effect of the unconscious material is achieved through rescue this m aterial into the consciousness Freud begins with an ex political platformation of the three forces of the psychical apparatusthe id, the ego, and the superego.The id has the quality of being unconscious and contains everything that is inherited, everything that is present at birth, and the instincts (Freud, 1949). The ego has the quality of being conscious and is trusty for(p) for controlling the demands of the id and of the instincts, becoming aware of stimuli, and serving as a link between the id and the external world. In addition, the ego responds to stimulation by either adaptation or flight, regulates activity, and strives to achieve pleasure and avoid displeasure (Freud, 1949).Finally, the superego, whose demands are managed by the id, is responsible for the limitation of satisfactions and represents the influence of others, such as parents, readers, and division models, as well as the impact of racial, societal, and heathen traditions (Freud, 1949). Psychoanalysis foste red interest in human emotional and psychological development traced back to a modern age. The human can be seen from a much more holistic viewpoint as one looks at the psychoanalytic theory, which combines the inner workings of the mind and attempts to explain them in the context of a combat-ready social environment.Karen-cade study The focus is on how Karens kidskinhood experiences create an internalized interpersonal model for relationships. The treatment plan is based on a three-pointed outline 1. The Problem list 2. Problem Formulation 3. encumbrance Karen reports general dissatisfaction of her life, she feels some panic over reaching the age of 39, She has been troubled with a range of neurotic complaints including sleep disorders, anxiety, dizziness, heart palpitation, and headaches. She often feels depressed, and she is concern about loosing her looks with her overweight and aging.According to the psychoanalytic theory, the focus is on bringing unconscious to the consc ious. Karen case study shows she has repressed. She never wants anything for herself and she typically lived up to what other in her life precious for her. Karens gender-role identification was fraught with difficulties. She learned the basis of female-male relationships through her early experiences with her parents. What she saw, was her father as a distant, authoritarian and rigidperson that every actions of her father should never be questioned and everyone should obey his standard and rules.She remembers her mother who was supportive hardly critical and Karen thought the she would never do enough to please her. She generalized this pattern through her life. It could be further hypothesized that the man be married was similar to her father, and she used her mother as a role model by becoming a home arrestr. In a critical incident took place when she was 6 years old, her father caught her during playing doctor with an 8-years-old boy. She reports He lectured me and refused to sp eak me for week. I mat up extremely blameful and ashamed. She repressed her own emerging sexuality and carried the feeling of guilt into her adolescence.She was not allowed to date until she completed high school. She married the first person she had dated. It could be further hypothesized that she lived up to what othersin her life wanted for her and she generalized it to relation with her children, its very difficult for her to cope herself with childrens rebellion especially about her daughter, Jane. She is not fulfill with her husband relationships, and she is anxious over the prospects of challenging this relationship, fearing that she does, she might end up alone. In a general sense, psychoanalytic case formulations always have interpersonal foundations.These foundations are built from restate child-caretaker interactions, subsequently internalized, and later(prenominal) manifest themselves in lymph glands daily live. Consequently Karens depressive and anxiety symptoms are traced to early childhood interpersonal experiences andobservedduring her life. According to the Karens presenting problem and psychological history, her intervention software can be as hook up with 1. to motivate her for therapy 2. to reduce her anxiety 3. to emphasize on primacy on self-experience which help her to improve her self-esteem typical change process in psychoanalytic therapy includes four parts 1.Cognitive insight (usually a repeating maladjustive interpersonal pattern) 2. Practice in detecting maladaptive mental and interpersonal patterns 3. Creating new and more real interpersonal experiences 4. Internalization of new and more satisfying interpersonal experiences (John Sommers1957) As I told before, the goal is to bring unconscious to conscious and its not limited to solving problem and learning new behaviors, thither is a deeper probing into the past to develop the level of self-understanding that is assumed to be necessary for change in character. (Corey 2 009) During therapy, therapist explores some of these questions with Karen What did you do when you felt unloved in the childhood? As a child what did you do with your contradict feelings? Could you express your rage, hostility, hurt, and fears? What effects did your relationship with mother and father have on you? What did this teach you about all women and men? Brought into the here and now of the transference relationship, questions might include When you have felt anything like this with me? and What are you learning from our relationship about how relationship with women or men might go?As she comes to understand how she has been shaped by these past experiences, she is increasingly able to exert control over her present functioning. Many of Karens fear become conscious, and then her energy does not have to go forward fixed on defending herself from unconscious feelings instead, she can decision about her current life. (Corey 2009) Cognitive behavior therapy, basic assumptio n of human nature Human nature as believed by my theoretical court is that we are all capable of loving, happiness, and even self-actualization, however, we also have tendencies toward self-destruction, self-blame, intolerance, and perfectionism.Because we are the inclination to think rationally and irrationally, the theory believe that we can train ourselves to refuse to become upset and resist irrational thoughts by repeating relational thoughts to ourselves and we have capacity to change by choosing to react differently to situations. Ellis assumes that we are self-taking, self-evaluating and self-sustaining. We develop emotional and behavioral difficulties when we mistake simple preferences (desires for love, approval, success).Ellis again affirms that we have an inborn tendency toward growth and actualization, unless we often sabotage our movement toward growth referable to self-defeating patterns we have learned. (Ellis, 1999). Although, irrational beliefs can be learned fr om significant others, human beings are believed to create irrational dogmas and superstitions by themselves and reinforce self-defeating beliefs by the process of autosuggestion and self-repetition and by behaving as if they are useful. Therefore, it is our own indoctrinated irrational thoughts that keep dysfunctional attitudes existing and operative within us. Karen- case studyIn assessment of problem, behaviorally she acts defensive, avoids eye contact, speaks rapidly, and fidgets constantly with her clothes. She lives with her husband and her three children but, generally she is not satisfied of her life. Emotionally she feels unsecure and unappreciated in her relation with her husband and her children, she has experienced some of specific problems such as anxiety, sleep disorder, panic attacks and depression. In cognition area she fears about aging, she fears of not succeeding in professional world and worries about how becoming more professionally involved might threat her f amily.She concerns about losing her children. She is anxious over the prospects of changing the relationships with her husband, fearing if she does, she might end up alone. After assessment of the problem, the intervention package focused on the following 1. To motivate the patient for therapy 2. To prepare Karen to deal with and face phobic situations she avoided due to anxiety 3. To reduce her anxiety 4. To reduce inferiority complex and increase self-esteem 5. To dispose her negative thoughtsTherapist helps client to understand how to change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts and teach her tyrannical thinking and consideration of positive data in critical situation. Therapist pays more attention to the present time and focuses on causes of clients discomfort in present time. In Karens case the most reason and greatest catalyst that triggered her to come for therapy is the increase of her physical symptoms and anxiety. Karens therapist should focuses on helping her in shap ing the particular areas that Karen would like to change after completing this assessment.They work together and make a plan for treatment. Therapist helps Karen to understand the purposes of her behaviors and then teach her about how the therapy sessions can help her to reach her goals. CBT helps Karen to understand that she is responsible for his own life and she should b active. According to the case study, she completed a course in origination to counseling, that encouraged her to have a look at the direction of her life and she took an honest look at her life. Karen finds wondering what she should want and what she should be doing.It shows that she is aware of her life and she wants to change but she fears and she doesnt know on the dot what she wants. Therapist should help her to understand in which area she wants to change. The first things that she wants now, is being successful in her professional world. Therapist uses questioning process to develop a picture of her diffi culties. Karens concrete aims include her craving to function professionally without being tense and worry about every little thing in her life. As a practice, therapist asks Karen to keep a record of when she feels tense or worry and what events make these feelings.Karen indicates that she worries about her right to think and act selfishly. Behavioral skills therapy is good for her because she has trouble talking with her family. This procedure includes modeling, playact and behavior rehearsal. Then she tries more effective behaviors with her therapist who plays the role of herfamily members and then gives feedback how strong or excusatory she seemed. Karens anxiety about her relationship with her husband can also be explored using behavior rehearsal (in case that therapist is male). The therapist plays as her Karens husband, Tim.She practices being the way she would like to be with Tim and says the things to her therapist that she might be afraid to say to her husband. During th is rehearsal, Karen can explore her fears, get feedback on the effects of her behavior, and experiment with more assertive behavior. Next, she is requires to list down her specific fears. Karen identifies her greatest fear is not able to function both professionally and responsibility to her family if she branches out. The least fearful situation she identifies is concerning over aging and her looks.Before pitiable into this simulated situation/ role play techniques, the therapist first does some systematic desensitization on Karens fear items hierarchy. Karen then begins repeated, systematic exposure to items she finds frightening, beginning at the bottom of the fear hierarchy. She continues with repeated exposure to the next fear hierarchy item when exposure to the previous item no endless makes Karen anxious. Part of the process involves exposure exercises for practice in various situations away from the therapy office. The goal of the therapy is to help Karen modify the behavi or that results in her feelings of guilt and anxiety.By learning more appropriate coping behavior, eliminating unrealistic anxiety and guilt, and getting more adaptive responses, Karens presenting symptoms decrease, and he reports a greater degree of satisfaction. As a coda according to Karens problems, a combination of cognitive, emotional and behavioral approaches (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) is effective and is the first option of treatment for her anxiety and depression although, there are a number of ways in which normal treatment elements for anxiety and depression may facilitate symptom reduction in both disorders. The cognitive restructuring skills typically employed in CBT provide patients with skills to identify, evaluate, and modify maladaptive negative thinking styles more generally. (Michael W. Otto 2010) References Freud, S. (1949). An outline of psychoanalysis. New York Norton. Gerald Corey. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling Psychology. USA Brooks/Cole J esse H. wright, Monica Ramirez, Michael E. Thase. (2006). Learning Cognitive Behavior Therapy . USA American Psychiatric Publishing. Judith S. Beck. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy basics and beyond.New York Guilford Press John Sommers, Rita Sommers. (1957). Counseling and psychotherapeutics Theories. USA John Wiley and Sons. Keith S. Dobson. (2010). Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies. New YorkGuilford Press Michael W. Otto, Stefan G. Hofman. (2010). Avoiding Treatment Failure in the Anxiety Disorders. USA Springer William. T. ODonohue, Jane E. fisher. (2008). Cognitive Behavior Therapy. New York John wiley. American Psychoanalytic Association (1998, January 31). About psychoanalysisWWW document. Retrieved on 12 June 2012 from http//www. apsa. org/pubinfo/about. htm